"Energy from the Vacuum" is equivalent to the impedance of empty space. Space is a dielectric medium in as much as space offers resistance to current. But impedance and resistance is our friend if we learn to utilize the perspective of space which is *not* wattage; it is a perspective predicated upon negative unity power factor which automatically implies negative resistance. Negative resistance may also be called the inversion of voltage relative to current and is the definition of all generators of reactive power, be they: batteries or rotary generators at hydroelectric power plants or rotary generators fired with gasoline or diesel fuel. Normally, the wattage of an electric load is governed by Ohm's Law in which resistance is not our friend, because the more resistance we add results in less current, more voltage and a greater impedance (efficiency factor). Generators are designed to be very inefficient since they waste power in the course of their operation. The byproduct of generators producing reactive power is governed by Mho's Law - which is conductivity measured in Siemens - and is our friend since resistance works in our favor by producing more current the more resistance is added to the circuit with the caveat that the current and the voltage will be out-of-phase by one-half cycle (180°) of an alternating polarity of voltage. Additional resistance will cause this condition to accelerate the production of current which implies that more resistance is producing a superconductive state - just the opposite to the way we're all programmed to think! Throw away any expectation that your generator should be your source for power. It's only usefulness is in generating a sine wave; not in its ability to generate voltage. The sine wave needs an excuse to ride piggy-back on top of and a generator's voltage is that excuse. But it is the sine wave that we want to stimulate a free energy circuit into producing lots of power from its internalized resistances. Sometimes we may use the free oscillations of an LRC circuit powered by a capacitor precharged with one micro volt to produce these sine waves. At other times, we'll use a sine wave putting out a mere micro volt upon which is riding a frequency of 50k Hz, to use an example. Either way, it is this frequency which will empower our free energy circuit to produce lots of reactive power so long as we disallow the formation of wattage within the domain of our power supply and encourage, instead, the separation of voltage from current by a phase shift of one-half cycle of alternating voltages. Because whenever current gets out of phase with voltage by one-half cycle of alternations, current is no longer reducing areas of high voltage in favor of moving their dielectric potentials to areas of low voltage to equilize their differences. Instead, negative current will do the opposite: it will accentuate areas of high voltage into becoming enlarged and will diminish areas of low voltage to nearly zero levels of voltage. And if we put a step-down transformer between these two areas, then it will be possible to continuously operate a circuit as an endless source for power. There is no need to invoke an aether. There is no mystery to the resistance which space offers to current. The mystery is sitting right in front of our collective noses. This mystery is our refusal to utilize the separation of current from voltage as a state of mind for engineering all our power supplies. And don't let engineers fool you into steering clear of this state of mind. For this is the foundation for the definition of batteries and generators in that current is conventionally signed with a negative polarity exiting the negative terminal of all batteries and electric generators while voltage is signed with a value of positive polarity greater than its negative. It is this difference between its two voltage polarities which defines its voltage. But on a balance sheet of accountability, the net voltage is signed with a positive polarity while the current is signed with a negative polarity. Their combination is reactive power measured in volts/amperes. Only electrical loads are signed with a positive polarity of sign value and assigned the designation of "wattage" since they consume real power. But generators cannot, and do not, generate real power. This is a mathematical contradiction of terminology. They generate reactive power. Only loads consume real power. By maintaining a strict understanding, and clarity of vision, to how we talk about electrical engineering, it becomes easy to see how we have deluded ourselves into a blind belief in which "we can't get something for nothing" as if this were true enough to argue against it. This is false reasoning. The true statement should state that we "get more from less" by reducing our input voltage, pay attention to frequency (either input frequency or LRC oscillations), and insert a middle phase to our circuits in which current, or voltage, becomes inverted in its polarity of phase relative to voltage, or current, but not both - since the inversion of both will cancel both inversions and return the phase relations back to its original condition; ie, two negatives (inversions) make a positive inter-relationship. Don't let the use of term of "negative" fool you into thinking that (for instance) negentropy is somehow not the norm. Physicists made a blunder in naming the electron with a negative polarity of sign when they first discovered, or theorized, its existence. They acquired new information to the contrary fifty years after its initial discovery, but refused to alter their nomenclature for fear of making life more difficult for physicists at the time. This was over 100 years ago! Whenever I perform an inventory of power generation for each and every electrical component in my simulations of free energy circuits, I multiply the amps times the volts for each component to see what polarity of sign results from my asking the simulator to automatically calculate this for me. This makes my task very easy to go down the list and see which component is generating a negative polarity of sign. This tells me that these negative values are volts/amperes of the generation of reactive power while the positive values are wattages of consumption by components acting as miniature loads. I can, then, total all of these subtotals to see what the circuit is doing. It may be consuming more power than it is generating. Or, it may be producing more power than it is consuming. Both defy thermodynamics and the Conservation of Energy Law, because the circuit is refusing to zero out all of its assets (the generation of reactive power) with all of its liabilities (the consumption of real power) to produce a zero net result. The crafty part is the conversion of inductive loads into generators of reactive power as if they were made to rotate under the influence of some invisible prime mover. This is all prime movers are good for: the excuse we make to ourselves that we are following the dictates of the laws of thermodynamics by exteriorizing our prime movers who are managed and owned by our creditors waiting to charge us a bill for the use of their prime mover when we could have used our own prime mover by engineering our circuits to provide this accommodation free of charge. So, energy does not come from the vacuum. It comes from the inversion of the polarity of sign of current relative to the polarity of sign of voltage. And, then, it is accelerated by the use of the resistance of empty space. This implies that the vacuum of empty space will not automatically yield us anything of benefit. We have to authorize this beneficial use of this inversion and, then, every resistance becomes our friend instead of our foe. So, the more correct way to describe this, is to say that: "energy arises from negative resistance" in which Mho's Law applies (the mathematical {reciprocal} inversion of Ohm's Law): resistance divided by voltage equals current measured in Siemens; the more is our resistance, the greater is our current. Any resistor can correct for the power factor of negative one which describes this inversion and converts this reactive power into something useful which can be spent in an electrical load. And an inductor can be cross-wired with a bifilar winding, or the terminals of its second winding can be cross-connected with the first winding, to pair the amperage of the first winding with the voltage of the second winding, and vice versa. Either way, reactive power need not go to waste as conventional wisdom dictates. And reactive power is the only source for free energy. This is has been known since, at least, the days of Oliver Heaviside - if not earlier.