Golden Ratios from the Diagonals and Sides of Regular Polygons with Odd Number of Sides Also, a selection of Polygons of Fermat-Prime Number of Sides Note: ^ is symbolizing exponentiation, the raising of a number to a power. <> are brackets surrounding the square root of an expression. TotAng is short for ==> Total of All Internal Angles Along each Polygon's Circumference 3-Gon is an Equilateral Triangle, 5-Gon is a Regular Pentagon, etc..... ??-prime is one of the five Fermat Primes: 3, 5, 17, 257, and 65,537, which are the first five terms of the Fermat series, derived by the formula 2^(2^n) + 1 = 3, 5, 17, 257, 65'536, 4'294'967'297, etc.... n is the simple integer progression, of: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, etc.... The Greek letter "Phi" is often used to designate "golden" ratios. Each of the roots generated by these fermat programs are golden ratios within their "polynomial set". From the sixth term (where n = 6), and upwards to the infinith term, all successive Fermat numbers may be composite. Polygons composed of composite Fermat Numbers are unconstructible using only straight-edge and compass. See here for more on this: http://vinyasi.mayashastra.org/References/Mathematics/Fermat_Number.html#constructible Consequently, any polynomials which are generated from the golden roots of unconstructible polygons will be unsolvable. Polynomials (in one unknown, x) that are solvable yield solutions for x of the form: x = some formula of numbers, such as the quadratic roots of the 5-Gon: x = (-1 ± <5>) / 2. We could still generate an approximation of roots from the infinite class of unconstructible polygons of odd number of sides using trigonometry similar to what is being done within these two files: fermat_executed_from_command_line Use this file if you have access to perl from a terminal window, such as a DOS window on your pc that has perl installed, or else (dial-in?) access to a shell account with a remote computer that hosts perl (mostly likely). It will create a file: html.txt that will have some data in html (web-ready) format. fermat_executed_from_browser_window.html Use this file if you have perl installed on your pc and want to test the program using your browser without creating a data file. This will work if your pc has 'PerlScript' and ActiveX installed. An alternative is to deliver the data to (internet or intranet) clients with the help of a server. See below for more information: ActivePerl http://www.activestate.com/Products/ActivePerl/ PerlScript - ActiveX scripting engine, like JavaScript or VBScript with a Perl brain. http://www.activestate.com/Products/ActivePerl/system_requirements.plex http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Reference/Products/ActivePerl/Components/Windows/PerlScript.html Help with using Windows Scripting Host http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Reference/Products/ActivePerl/Windows/WindowsScriptHost.html The Phi-roots that are generated by these programs can be approximated using many different methods. Two methods are possible using the information gleaned from the resulting data. One way is by using triangles (what I sometimes like to refer to as: "wedges") within regular polygons of odd numbers of sides. Each polygon is oriented with one of its sides along our visual-bottom putting one of its angles at its top. All of the triangles would then share their apex angle (the angle at their top) at the top of their surrounding polygon. Their bases would be shared along the polygon's base and along diagonals that horizontally cut across their associated polygon. The length of the base of each triangle is divided by the length of its slope. This makes each triangle's base equivalent to the Phi proportional value for that triangle while its slope is equal to the value of 1. Another way is to use trigonometry's sine function on one-half of each triangle's apex angle within this formula: Phi is equal to the (sine of (PI * Apex_Angle / 360)) * 2 Additionally, every other result must be signed negative or else its resulting polynomial won't have integer coefficients.